Other drugs are designed to interfere with DNA polymerase, DNA repair mechanisms, or protein synthesis, or to act as purine analogs. Tubulin-binding agents are designed to interfere with microtubule formation. Alkylating agents are capable of disrupting the function of DNA. In treatment, several drugs are used in combination because some of the drugs are cell-cycle specific while others are not. There are numerous categories of these drugs, and they have varied mechanisms of action. In the myelogenous form, the myeloid cells, such as basophils, neutrophils, and eosinophils, are affected.Ĭhemotherapy drugs are often used in the management of leukemia cases. In lymphocytic leukemia, the lymphoid cells, such as the lymphocytes, are abnormal. This distinction depends on which type of leukocyte is abnormal in the patient. Once classified as acute or chronic, leukemia can be further subdivided into lymphocytic or myelogenous. This form of the disease progresses more slowly, and treatment need not always be immediate. In contrast, chronic cases of leukemia typically involve the proliferation of abnormal mature leukocytes. It can be fatal within weeks or months if not treated promptly. This form of the cancer progresses rapidly, and the cells metastasize easily as they move into the bloodstream from the bone marrow. This inhibits the ability of the bone marrow to produce healthy new leukocytes. In acute cases of leukemia, immature leukocytes proliferate quickly, which leads to many abnormal immature cells in the bone marrow. Most leukemia cases involve elevated leukocyte counts. Leukemia is a term that describes a wide variety of blood cell cancers. MCAT Biology Practice Test 2024 Test Nameīiological and Biochemical Foundations of Living SystemsĬardiovascular Systems, Cells Digestive Systems, Embryogenesis and Development Endocrine Systems, Excretory Systems, Genetics and Evolution Immune Systems, Nervous Systems, Musculoskeletal Systems, Reproduction Respiratory Systems
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